Anion-exchange membranes derived from main group and metal-based cations

The design and synthesis of anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) has attracted a great deal attention given the potential utility these materials for ion transport in electrochemical energy systems. AEMs are polymer electrolytes with positively charged groups covalently bound to backbone that can conduct either hydroxide or other anions. vast majority based on ammonium (+NR4) but questions surrounding long-term stability functionalities led examination cation alternatives. In this review, we highlight some recent efforts towards cations derived from inorganic elements, specific emphasis phosphonium, sulfonium, metal-based cations. These studies demonstrate building blocks construction novel AEMs, unique properties relative their analogues.